Archive for July 2010
This is an abridged version (yet richly enlightening) from one of many articles i wrote concerning this subject matter.
Film exhibition started to thrive through the Colonial era, with Glover Memorial Hall carrying around a variety of memorable films viewed by “potential Nigerians”, in August 1903. However, the non-availability of proper records reflecting the title of the debut film exhibited has generated a lapse in the precedent stock. Notwithstanding the lacuna, just how have been paved to the exhibition of more foreign films in the Hall and various designated venues.
The emotionally traumatizing “Master – Servant” relationship, evident in the constant assaults, batteries, intimidation, segregation, victimization, carried out by the Colonial masters on the colonized, with darkened clouds of resentment, vengeance, thirst for freedom, giving way to splattering drops of such thoughts, instinctively projected through the colonized intermittent in-subordinate actions, began to spread amongst the blacks. The British knew they had to thread with caution if they still wanted to play “god” in their lives when films such as Tales of Manhattan, Trailer horn, Tarzan series began to stir up a revolution in the hearts of Blacks across the globe.
Aware of the lethal power of insurgency which could be unleashed through the Film medium, the British out of fear for their lives and possible loss of the Queen’s sovereignty took the bull by the horn, and swiftly created a Colonial Film Censors Board (FCB) in 1933 to censor and classify films before they were released for visual consumption by the public. Following the establishment of the board, Films such as “The primitive, primitive man, Dixie, Buffalo Bill, The Keys of the Kingdom, Sleepy Town Girl were tagged ‘suitable’ to be watched, while Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Clive of India, The Isle of Forgotten Sins, House of Frankenstein were considered unsuitable for viewing.
The Censor’s body underwent a transformation process into the Federal Board of Film Censors (FBFC) from the aforementioned, and the laws from which the transformed body derived its powers ranged from the 1948 Cinematograph Laws of Nigeria, the Cinematograph Laws of 1963, to the 1963/64 Cinematograph Law and Regulations. The present National Film and Video Censors Board came into existence by virtue of decree, now Act 85 of 1993. The advent of Nigeria’s Independence (1960) and the Republican status (1963), heralded the dawn of a new era in all sectors.
“The Yoruba Travelling Theatre Group” of the 60′s and 70′s can be referred to as the “Fountain Head” of movie productions in Nigeria. The veterans with great Theatrical skills and great performances took their works beyond the stage, and dove into the sea of film productions using the Celluloid format. Notable film makers on the Roll call of Honour during the Celluloid boom era of the 70′s include Ola Balogun, Eddie Ugbomah, late Herbert Ogunde, Adeyemi Afolayan a.k.a Ade Love (father of Kunle Afolayan of the Irapada fame), Ladi Ladebo, Moses Adejumo, Adebayo Salami and Afolabi Adesanya.
The list of documented films produced during the 70′s era and transcending somewhat into the 80′s is simply astonishing and goes to show that the Movie Industry has been around much longer, contrary to the ’1992 belief syndrome’ most have been injected with. Such works include Kongi Harvest (1971), Alpha (1972), Bull Frog in the Sun (1974), Amadi (1975), Ajani Ogun (1975), Muzik Man (1976), Bisi, Daughter of the River (1977), Ija Ominira (1978), Aiye (1979), Kadara (1980), Jaiyesimi (1980) Efunsetan Aniwura (1981), Cry Freedom (1981),Ija Orogun (1982) Owo L’Agba (1982)
The cost of producing films in that era was financially back breaking, with Nigerians further frustrating the efforts of the filmmakers by opting to watch films of occidental and oriental origin at the Cinemas and Exhibition centres, rather than the locally produced ones. The Cowboy films were exhilarating to watch while the Chinese films paraded amongst others, the Legendary “Bruce Lee” in (Lo Wei’s, The Big Boss (1971), Fist of Fury (1972), Way of the Dragon (1972), Enter the Dragon (1973), The Game of Death released in 1978) who exhibited Martial Arts dexterity, obviously a fighting technique alien, yet fascinating to us at that time.
Indian films in the late 60′s and well into the 70′s paraded renowned names like Rajesh Khanna, Dharmendra Singh Deol, Mumtaz, Amitabh Bachchan, Anil kapoor, Hema Malini, and produced hits such as “Bobby”, “Sholay”, “Kabhi Kabhi”, “Dharamveer”, “Amar Akbar Anthony”. Their stars displayed great acting skills against the backdrop of love themes, and ear pleasing songs coupled with synchronized dance steps, produced with sound and special effects, though incomparable with what obtains today bought over the indigenes loyalty for their movies.
Thus, the Movie Founding Fathers began to face the challenges of recouping their investments, which gradually became virtually an impossible task, an anthem they constantly rendered much to the discomfort of potential financers. They counted their losses and licked their wounds sustained in the financial battle with every film they released. The deluge of VCRS in the 80′s created a paradigm shift from the Cine to the VHS format, which made productions easier, faster and cheaper by a milestone in comparison to the former. Cinema houses and other Exhibition centres were finally shut down and the Baton of Cine film making slipped from the hands of the Founding founders as they attempted to hand over the movie baton to the next generation within the stipulated Baton Exchange Zone. The dream of becoming a re-nowned Movie Industry was shattered when the flow of the Film Relay cycle was broken.
Home Videos were produced which served as an alternative to the cinemas, and the name naturally stems from the fact that you could seat within the comfort of your home and watch the movies produced in the VHS format via your VCR. Film Makers capitalized on the gains of the Home Video concept offered, and began producing movies using the Yoruba language as the means of communication. However, the year “1992″ has overtime been widely accepted as the triggering period of Home Video productions, with Ken Nnebue’s “Living in Bondage” said to be the first movie made for commercial purposes using the Igbo/English language.
The movie no doubt struck the “Movie Well”, which invoked a mass exodus of people from other spheres into the art of movie productions, having seen the opportunities that lay in the Gold mine region. Thus, did the Home Video Industry tagged “Nollywood” emerge.
The fact that “Living in Bondage” was ascribed with the honour of being the first movie made for commercial purposes and the one upon which the Home Video revolution was allegedly founded on, culminating into Nollywood, didn’t go unchallenged. Late Alade Aromire before his death, ignited a controversial fire, insisting that his and not Ken’s movie ought to have been conferred with such an honour. When confronted by a reporter on the issue he’d stated that Ken had produced over 40 Yoruba movies, and had started with “Aje N’yami”.
There had been a flourishing movie industry before he came on board, so ken couldn’t have started it.
The confusion stems from the Censors board of the day, whose hands were amputated by the Law it drew its powers from, (1963/64 Cinematograph Law and Regulations). The powers conferred on it to regulate the Industry did not extend to “Home Video”. The present National Film and Video Censors Board (NFVCB) did not exist till 1994. On this raging issue, Late Alade Armoire produced movies such as Ekun, Omije (pts 1-3), Obirin Asiko, Ayo ni o, Adun, Orire which were released to the public between 1985 and 1991.
Ken Nnebue still insists that his movie “Living in Bondage” was the first Home Video movie made for commercial purposes. His stand on the matter is rather shaky, having prior to the production of Living in Bondage sponsored commercial movies in Yoruba language such as Ina Ote, Aje N’iyami and others. Let’s not forget the barrage of Yoruba TV dramas that were mass produced on VHS tapes and sold to the public before 1992. One can’t fail to mention the legendary Eddie Ugbomah’s movie “The Great Attempt” (1989), which would have made history as the 1st Nigerian cine movie in the video tape format to have been censored by the defunct Federal Board of Film Censors (FBFC) based on a “special concession” granted him officially by the permanent secretary of the Federal Ministry of Information and Culture at that time.
Unfortunately the strong contents projected in the movie were considered unsuitable for public viewing by the Board, hence the movie was never released. Tunde Alabi -Hundeyin’s “Iyawo Alhaji” is officially on record as the first commercial (direct to exhibition hall) video film to be censored and classified by the NFVCB in 1994 at the National Theatre, (Cinema Hall) Iganmu. Despite the controversial fire raised, the global publicity given to “Living in Bondage” over the years invariably imputed the movie into our memory banks as the flag bearer of the Home Video revolution of all times. People, irrespective of Nationality, race, gender, and tribe are confronted with challenges on a daily basis. Some of these problems are of a global nature, while others are peculiar to various societies. Movies offer people the opportunity of telling their own stories, free from alien interference.
Nigerian movie producers leveraged on this and produced movies projecting our lifestyle, culture, local fashion, burning issues, problems plaguing our society, irrespective of the choking stench of tribalism perceived in all sectors. Movies were made for the viewing pleasure of Nigerians initially, (before the mass exportation craze), with messages to inspire, motivate, reprove, and correct anomalies especially in the Political, Social systems, to eschew violence and all forms of evil.
The tactical use of the English language as the communication tool, marketing strategies and execution through the use of trailers via T.V, Posters (now banned in Lagos State), recorded a boost in sales, and expanded the viewership base beyond the shores of our Nation to countries such as Ghana, Togo, South Africa, Kenya, U.S.A and even the U.K.. Unfortunately, the movies churned out at an alarming rate were technically deficient in key areas considered as germane in the production process.
The popular “shoe string budget” tag has become synonymous with the Industry’s antecedent of making movies on extremely low budgets compared to other stream online movies review bodies in other countries, ($10- $15,000 initially), but currently stretches to $25,000, with a microscopic number of producers further stretching the seemingly financial limit to N 7,10,20 Million and more. The movies were and are still shot dominantly between 10-12 days, via Beta cam (now HDV cameras), were produced in the VHS format (now VCD & DVD), replicated in mass and sold by the Marketers who also doubled as Distributors.
Over a thousand movies were being churned out yearly by producers and utterly amazed by the staggering statistical data of movie productions, the International movie spotlight was shone on the Multi Million naira Industry “Nollywood”. The Industry’s net worth as at 2008 stood between an estimated $250 and $300 Million dollars. It is worthy of note that a Global cinema survey, conducted in 2006 by the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) and released sometime in May 2009, ranked Nollywood as the second largest producing movie body in the world behind Bollywood and ahead of Hollywood based on the numerical data of the movies produced.
Film · Industry · Movie · Movie Industry
In the current society, scamming people is definitely accomplished online. Ebay is probably the world’s larget online retailers, which uses auctioning to sell items that were used by people. Below are great tips to avoid being scammed.
Verify in the event the seller is selling certified items that are often sold the first manaufacturer. You are able to usually check this when you go to their website.
Confirm the seller’s percentage of excellent reviews, usually it’s about 95% or higher, if at all lower don’t bid for it. If you decide to observe how many good reviews they have got, read the “see detailed feedback” button underneath the percentage.
When the seller is a “power seller” then that increases the probabilities of not getting scammed with a lot. Some sellers also provide an Ebay store that they use for the reasons like a small business.
When you confirm the seller’s “detailed feedback”, if you see the same item that someone bought and they thought that it was positive, buy it. If the same item was negative, them do not buy it.
Check the member’s feedback. Feedback is the best way to judge a member’s reputation.
Get a name and address from the scammer. The address to which the scammer will want the excess money sent will be located in a foreign country. Though the name and address may seem legit, they will be fake. Typically, the real identities of the scammers will never be known as some Western Union outlets only require that someone present them with a transaction number to retrieve money.
Such as any other business, eBay is not without its scams. If you are cautious, you should have no problems using eBay. Follow these steps to avoid scams on eBay.
General introduction
The classical literature Tess of the d’Urbervilles, which was written by the world famous figure Thomas Hardy, was set in the impoverished Wessex during the Long Depression. Tess, a very charming and inteligent countryside girl, was the eldest daughter in a poor family and her parents were uneducated. After Tess’s father was told that the name “Durbeyfielda” was the surname of a noble Norman family, he decided to find the weath families. Because of the death of her loved horse, Tess decided to carry on the task and started the journey. But she only met Mrs. d’Urverville’s libertine son Alec who took a deep love to Tess. Alec made all the unrespected efforts to pursue Tess, but Tess severely resisted his action. Late one night, while Tess unintentionally came across the Car Darch and finds herself about to come to blows she accepts the “rescue” offered by Alec. He did not take her home, however, but rode at random through the fog until they reached “The Chase” where Alec may have raped her.
After a few weeks of refusing Alec’s puisut, Tess began to live with her parents who cannot accept her behaviour. The next summer she gave birth to a delicate baby who unfortunately died soon. Tess felt very sad and buried him and gave her child baptism through hard efforts.More than two years later, Tess decided to make a new life and left the village to Talbothays Dairy where she worked as a milkmaid. In this new place she worked very well and made two friends Izz and Marian. She met Clare and fell deeply in love with each other. Later, they decided to get married and Clare informed his parents who obviously disagree with this marriage. However, they made their wedding ceremony without the attendance of their parents. While at the same time, Tess was painfully hesitating whether to tell Clare the relationship she had with Alec. At last she made the decision and told her husband the truth, but contrary to her expectation Clare left her and broke his promise.
After Clare left her, Tess moved back to her family. But to her surprise, the situation was becoming worse and she led a bitter life there. With the help of Marian, she got the work at a starve-acre farm named Flintcombe-Ash owned by the person who insulted her. In that farm she had a hard physical job and became fragile though still remained her beauty. During that time, she couldn’t afford her life because all she earned had gavin back to her family. She had no choice but want to turn to Clare’s parents. Unfortunately, she didn’t get the courage to meet them and returned to the farm. On the way, she met Alec who still want to be with her and later he went to the farm and pursued her. Under the burden of the death of her father and her mother’s sickness, she agreed to try her best to receive Alec though she still loved Clare.
In the meantime, Clare was forced to leave Brazil because of bad health. He felt repent to his treatment of Tess and returned to England to find her. Tess, whose inner heart still love Clare, killed Alec in the borading house and wanted to get away there to have a peace life. But she became a murderer and was searching by people, when she and Clare ran to Stonehenge, she was arrested by the police. The novel ended with the execution of Tess .
Reflections
The protagonist Tess was a very brave young countryside woman, she was admirable and charming and she was competent in all the farm work which were admired by others. She carried on the burden of her family, no matter the work in the home or in the field. She had a good capability and did work very well which made her respected and loved by the owner of the farm. Even in the harsh times with the bad treatment of the farmer, who insulted her previous, on the Flintcombe farm she behaved quite well. The author loved Tess and he approved Clare’s love towards Tess.When Clare first met Tess he also fell in love with her, her beauty, her diligence, her thoughts about religion and her ideas towards the nature. He even resisted his family’s faithness and chose to marry Tess. On the opposite, the author also depicted the farmer who baited her and made her do a lot of hard farm work. This person was a character we all hated for the sake of loving Tess.
In the novel, we also can see the braveness of Tess and her everlastiong struggle to traditional convictions. At that time, a woman who gave birth to a child before marriage would certainly be considered as violating the tradition. However, Tess didn’t be defeated by this rule and used the optimistic ideas to start her new life. In this novel, she made two influential decisions to leave her home and work on the farm. She loved her sick child very much and in order to give him a baptism she tried all she could. She was the woman who had the modern thought that woman who is not a virgin can also get her true love and be married. In the beginning, she conceived that Clare also had this kind of idea and thought that if she told him the truth she can get his forgiveness. But quite contrary to her anticipation, Clare cannot bare this and left her alone. The reason can be sourced to the influence of his totally different family background. Compared with Clare, Tess was much more rebellious against the traditional conceptions even though Clare believed himself a rebel against his family’s views towards marriage and religion.
This novel was dipicting a tragedy and the beautiful Tess who was the victim of the traditional conception. It was the traditional thoughts that a girl’s responsibility and fate is to marry a noble husband without considering whether there exsites love between them. Driven by this idea, when his father noticed that Alec, who was wealth and loved his daughter, pursued his daughter and gave his family much help he thought she should marry him. Because Tess never loved Alec, she refused his love and chose to return back home although this choice will lead to rumours to her. In Tess’s mother side, she also had the traditional conception that a woman should hide her history for the sake of the steady marriage. Tess, on the contrary, held the view mypadmedia review that there should be trustfulness and frankness between husband and wife, or there will be no love between the lovers and the marriage will be meaningless. She refused her mother’s demand and confessed her relationship with Alec to Clare, and this decision made her led a difficul life in her later time. It was her pursue for true love and marriage that lead to this tragedy. More deeply, it was the traditional conception that cause this tragedy.
This novel was the hard processing of a girl who sought for true love and her own view towards life. She had the quality of stubbornness, the competent ability, the thoughts that quite rebellious agaist the traditional ones. She loved nature, and she was pure in her inner heart. It was ineluctable fate that led her into a tragedy destiny: she was born at a wrong time that many people would never accept her ideas, she met the wrong people Alec and Clare who directly result in her fate. However, also because of her tragedy fate, we can know her greatness and her beauty which have already broken the boundary of time and space.
Book · report · Tess · Urbervilles
If your establishment isn’t that massive, you could as properly pick a handheld metal detector to maximize the room you’ve. To make it easier to with it, listed here are the varieties of hand used material detection gear that could possibly make it easier to pick which a single to buy.
Industrial or Industrial – steel detection equipment utilised for commercial use would be the ones typically used in correctional facilities and do not have all of the exclusive attributes that other hand kept metal detection devices have. Safety posts at public locations these kinds of as the airport and hospitals frequently use this kind of detector. Sensitivity is the main characteristic of a hand kept steel detection product.
Due for the increasing threats to security, various establishments both private and public, have material detection products installed at strategic place inside their buildings – commonly at the entrance. The are two forms of metal detectors – 1 is where by you should walk through two pillars of an form, although the other one is usually a hand-held system that nearly all safety personnel carry with them and use in scanning your system as you stand.
All Objective – you’ll find steel detection units as effectively that serve a a lot more standard reason. This type of device is typically applied when searching for coins, rings, jewelry, keys, satellite direct review and so on. This form of detector is excellent for use at residence or inside backyard if you look for some lost items such as trinkets. A multi-purpose metal detection software is typically sold at a most reasonable selling price.
Today, we had a game in the English class. The game was that one person explained a word in English, and what the other students should do was to guess the word. The rule seemed very easy, but the game was not easy, actually the words weren’t very easy. I had to think about why I couldn’t guess the words. We all learned these words, but the difference between me and the others was that I had forgotten most of them, such as ‘psychiatrist’, ‘conventional’, even ‘praise’. I didn’t have a good review of them. I do think memorizing the vocabularies is very important. Only in the way, can I speak English more fluently.
Some years ago, I had dreams. I dreamed of going abroad for study, traveling around the world, caring about wild animals. Now I got my PhD, have a job and family. I have to work every day, after work I have to deal with my family relationship. It seems that I don’t have much time for myself. However, deep in my heart, I still want to go for my dreams. But I know that means I have to sacrifice many things for it,
I’m so confused.
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Who Are Responsible for Story-Fabricating in China?
No comments · Posted by admin in Education
In a recent survey aimed at researching on how many students have told lies or fabricated stories in their composition assignments in order to get high scores when they were attending primary or middle schools, more than third of 2639 students confess that they used to adopt one of them. According to the survey, it can be easily concluded that either telling lies or fabricating stories is very popular among Chinese students. To get a high score, making stories is apparently not a good example students should follow; but is that really a bad thing for students’ ability of creativity? Who should be responsible for the tragedy of score-targeted learning? This following essay will try to carry a research on the reasons for the popularity of story-making among Chinese students.
Before analysis on the probable reasons for the phenomenon, people have to be clear of two relationships in composition learning. The first one is the relation between output and input. The “input” means what a student has learnt from daily study, including both of those knowledge acquired from teachers and witnessing from society around them; while the “output” means things which a student is able to use in dealing with problems. Only when students are equipped with a certain quantity of “input” can they make use of them freely in their “output”. Therefore, the “input” founds the basic for the “output”. Strangely, most people in China have understood the relationship in an opposite direction. Either teachers or students, or parents, they all ignored the role of “input” playing in students’ composition learning, as a result of strongly requiring students’ “output”. Namely, students are always expected to write as much as possible but without reading stories or collecting materials from surroundings in an equivalent degree. Much worse, they are forced to take a variety of interest classes in their spare time instead, which results in not only lacking of certain materials but also interest in composition writing. Therefore, they have to rely on fabricating stories to appeal to parents and teachers with a relatively higher score.
Another relation is between aim and means. As known for everyone, people have to rely on proper means in the process of achieving their ultimate aims. However, the premise is that they ought to make it clear of their aim. Then, they can make a clearer analysis on deciding on efforts to achieve their goals. For Chinese students, getting scores as high as possible is often deemed as the ultimate goal of their learning; for only a higher score can make it possible to attend a better school. Deeply, this is owing to the shortcomings of the existing education system. Making a story itself is a reflection of students’ ability of creativity and imagination. What either teachers or parents should do is to try to explore the genius deep in students but not forbid for the excuse of wasting time in achieving in a higher score. Apart from the system, the tradition of pursuing for the ultimate product rather than exploration into inner ability plays a significant role in the misunderstanding of the relationship. The whole society all admires the growth of GDP every year, thus creating an atmosphere of rapidly catching up with the other developed countries in the world. It is the radical attitude that forces teachers and parents to instill the concept of pursuing aims into students’ learning process.
From all have discussed above, it can be concluded: it is because of misunderstanding of the two relationships between input and output as well as between aim and means in parents and teachers that makes it possible for students’ inclination to tell lies or making stories in their composition assignment. Not only the existing education tattoo me now system, the entire society is responsible for those promising future’s lack of loyalty.
China · Fabricating · Responsible · Story · students
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As the CPI of China is getting higher comparing to last year, I find the prices in the restaurants kept changing frequently.
I noticed those menus being converted to the new ones and the prices also being updated to a higher level. It is logical, for the sake of the food prices increased, we need to pay more.
On the other hand, fewer waiters and waitresses can be found in those restaurants, quite often we need to help ourselves. Maybe the owners find the labor cost is getting too high, so they have to cut the number of employee. Because of the staff shortage in the restaurants, I find most of services are getting worse, and the waiters and waitresses seemed not that patient to wait for the orders or being helpful to serve the food. This perhaps understandable in the economic restaurants, but even those well-known restaurants have the similar problem. Eating out sometimes are not that enjoyable any more.
Now I am thinking to work with my own hands for the cooking at home, then I do not need to care the attitude of those staff work in the restaurants.
Today I went to downtown and got my new phone.
After using three years’ bar phone, and each of them were either black or grey, which made me very boyish, so I would like to change another style! I bought a very feminine phone. The background is white, interspersed with some small purple patterns. And the cell-phone cover is dark purple. The fundamental hue is still purple. Anyway, I love this cellphone.
So this time, I have to protect her very very very carefully!
Not having been to downtown for almost 2 months, I happily found many wonderful transformation. The bus routes are more reasonable, the sanitary condition of buses are improved, in spite of the traffic jam as usual. Besides, most of the dustbins consist of recyclable and non-recyclable parts, which were not that universalized in Chongqing not long ago.
Just now, I have seen a status updated on Renren of one of my classmates:
Having read this, I really couldn’t help laughing. Indeed, Chongqing looks like always in trouble in the past few years, especially since I came here for my university life. Well, I don’t consider myself pathetic or poor, on the contrary, I have learned so much during these years. And I have been very accustomed to Chongqing since the very begining, not only the climate, but also the cuisine. I love spicy food, even if I never eat spicy things in my hometown. Well, I have also paid for that! I have gained so much weight. So now, I am trying hard to lose weight, hoping back to normal. And I believe that preparing for the postgraduate exams can help this plan works.
Keep my fingers crossed!
